配电柜，又被称作配电箱、配电盘等，它是集中、切换、分配电能的设备，在各类电气系统中起着至关重要的作用。在进行配电柜接线时，有诸多关键注意事项需牢记。Power distribution cabinets, also known as distribution boxes, distribution boards, etc., are devices for concentrating, switching, and distributing electrical energy, and they play a vital role in various electrical systems. When wiring power distribution cabinets, there are many key precautions that need to be kept in mind.
一、前期准备Preliminary preparation
要充分熟悉配电柜的电气原理图与接线图，备好螺丝刀、剥线钳等工具，以及规格相符、质量可靠的电线电缆、接线端子等材料。Fully familiarize yourself with the electrical schematic diagrams and wiring diagrams of the power distribution cabinets. Prepare tools such as screwdrivers and wire strippers, as well as wire and cable, terminal blocks and other materials that match the specifications and are of reliable quality.
二、安全防护Safety protection
接线前务必切断上级电源，悬挂警示标识，通过验电确保无电后再操作。施工人员须穿戴好绝缘手套、绝缘鞋等防护用品，保障自身安全。Before wiring, be sure to cut off the power supply from the upper level, hang warning signs, and only start operations after verifying that there is no electricity through electrical testing. Construction personnel must wear protective articles such as insulating gloves and insulating shoes to ensure their own safety。
三、线缆处理Cable handling
依据各回路负载电流合理选择电线电缆线径，用剥线钳剥除绝缘外皮时小心别伤导线，剥线长度适中。同时，为每根导线套上准确标注编号、回路名的线号管，方便后续维护。Reasonably select the wire and cable diameters according to the load current of each circuit. When stripping the insulating outer sheath with wire strippers, be careful not to damage the conductors, and the stripping length should be appropriate. Meanwhile, put wire number tubes accurately labeled with numbers and circuit names on each conductor for the convenience of subsequent maintenance.
四、接线要点Key points for wiring
导线与电器元件接线端子连接或相互连接时，要使用压线钳等工具压接牢固，杜绝虚接。布线遵循横平竖直原则，不同功能线路适当分开，保持整齐美观，严格依照接线图施工，不可随意更改。When connecting conductors to the terminal blocks of electrical components or connecting them to each other, use tools such as crimping pliers to make firm crimping connections and avoid virtual connections. The wiring should follow the principle of being horizontal and vertical. Different functional lines should be properly separated to keep them neat and beautiful. Strictly follow the wiring diagrams during construction and do not make arbitrary changes.
五、接地与绝缘Grounding and insulation
配电柜金属外壳要可靠接地，保证接地电阻符合标准要求。接线完毕后，用绝缘电阻表检测线路相间、相对地的绝缘情况，确保绝缘良好，无漏电风险。The metal shells of power distribution cabinets should be reliably grounded to ensure that the grounding resistance meets the standard requirements. After the wiring is completed, use an insulation resistance meter to test the insulation conditions between phases and between conductors and the ground to ensure good insulation and no leakage risk.
六、检查测试Inspection and testing
接线完成后，对照接线图全面自查，改正错误。在恢复供电前，测试各回路通断及控制回路动作、保护装置功能等，确认配电柜能正常投入使用。After the wiring is completed, conduct a comprehensive self-inspection against the wiring diagrams and correct any errors. Before restoring the power supply, test the on-off status of each circuit, the actions of the control circuits, the functions of the protection devices, etc., to confirm that the power distribution cabinets can be put into normal use.
