在电力传输领域，母线和电缆作为两种重要的载体，各自适用于不同的场景。
In the field of power transmission, busbars and cables, as two important carriers, are respectively suitable for different scenarios.
母线，由铜、铝母线柱构成封闭金属装置，常用于户内低压电力输送干线工程。其载流能力强大，******额定电流可达6300A ，适用于大电流传输场景，像大型工业厂房，众多高负荷设备运转需要强大电力支撑，母线可轻松满足。它结构简洁，呈线性设计，在高层建筑的层间供电以及厂房的平面配电中，能让线路布局一目了然，便于维护管理。而且母线散热佳，绝缘性能好，工作温度可达 130 - 180℃，故障点少，安全性能高。同时，安装省时，单节长度一般不超 3 米，系统扩展时，增加长度或分接单元都较为便捷，寿命长达 50 年，可重复使用，长期成本低。
Busbars are enclosed metal devices composed of copper or aluminum busbar columns, and are commonly used in indoor low-voltage power transmission main line projects. They have a strong current-carrying capacity, with a maximum rated current of up to 6300A, and are suitable for scenarios requiring large current transmission. For example, in large industrial plants, where numerous high-load equipment requires strong power support during operation, busbars can easily meet this demand. They have a simple structure with a linear design. In the inter-floor power supply of high-rise buildings and the planar power distribution of factories, they can make the circuit layout clear at a glance, facilitating maintenance and management. Moreover, busbars have good heat dissipation and excellent insulation performance. Their operating temperature can reach 130 - 180°C, with few fault points and high safety performance. At the same time, the installation is time-saving. The length of a single section generally does not exceed 3 meters. When the system needs to be expanded, it is relatively convenient to increase the length or add tap-off units. Their service life can be as long as 50 years, and they can be reused, resulting in a low long-term cost.
电缆则常用于中、小电流传输，单根******额定电流一般为1600A ，在小型工厂或商业建筑中较为常见。它布线灵活，能根据复杂的空间布局和线路走向进行敷设，适合一些对空间布局要求不高、线路走向多变的场所，比如老旧建筑电气改造。不过，电缆的散热和绝缘性能相对较弱，绝缘材料工作温度一般在 95 - 105℃ 。安装时技术难度大，施工周期长，回路多导致故障点多，且系统扩展时需重新从配电室引至设备，较为复杂。其使用寿命一般为 15 - 20 年，不可重复使用，综合成本相对较高。
Cables are often used for the transmission of medium and small currents. The maximum rated current of a single cable is generally 1600A, and they are more commonly seen in small factories or commercial buildings. They have flexible wiring and can be laid out according to complex spatial layouts and circuit routes, making them suitable for some places where the requirements for spatial layout are not high and the circuit routes are changeable, such as the electrical renovation of old buildings. However, the heat dissipation and insulation performance of cables are relatively weak. The operating temperature of the insulating materials is generally between 95 - 105°C. The installation has a high technical difficulty and a long construction period. The large number of circuits leads to many fault points. And when the system needs to be expanded, it is necessary to draw a new line from the power distribution room to the equipment, which is relatively complicated. Their service life is generally 15 - 20 years, and they cannot be reused, resulting in a relatively high comprehensive cost.
从母线槽与电缆性能对比来看，母线槽方案完全优于电缆方案，电缆在施工过程中周期较长，后期维护非常困难，异常情况排查困难，无法得以检测。母线槽的方案，在施工阶段快束，安装简单、安全、可靠。另外可实现温度集中监控，可有效预防设备用电异常。从项目投入资金使用状况来看，铜母线最多，电缆次之，铝母线较低。从母线槽与电缆在投入使用后，电能的损耗曲线来看，电缆运营过程中的电缆损耗幅度******，而母线槽方案，虽然在项目初期投入稍大，但是在后期运行之后，电缆每年的电损相比母线槽多很多。
From the performance comparison between busway and cable, the busway solution is completely superior to the cable solution. The cable has a relatively long construction period, and its later maintenance is very difficult. It is difficult to troubleshoot abnormal situations, and it cannot be effectively detected. The busway solution is fast in the construction stage, simple, safe and reliable to install. In addition, it can realize centralized temperature monitoring, which can effectively prevent abnormal power consumption of equipment. In terms of the project investment capital usage situation, the cost of copper busbars is the highest, followed by cables, and the cost of aluminum busbars is relatively low. From the perspective of the power loss curves of busway and cable after they are put into use, the power loss amplitude of cables during operation is the largest. Although the initial investment of the busway solution is slightly larger, after the later operation, the annual power loss of cables is much more than that of busways.